Pre-Columbian America is the name given to the historical stage of the American continent that includes from the arrival of the first human beings to the establishment of the political and cultural domination of Europeans over indigenous American peoples. This epoch comprises thousands of years, and events as relevant as the first human migrations from Asia through Beringia and the Neolithic revolution. The concept refers to the time before Columbus arrived in America in 1492. However, it is usually used to encompass the history of all those native societies before the European influence became noticeable, even though this happened decades or centuries after the first landing of Columbus. In Spanish it is often used as a synonym of pre-Hispanic America. In general, there is agreement in the specialized research spaces that indigenous Americans descend from the human groups that passed from Asia to the New World through the Beringia bridge. Although there was never a consensus on this, for a long time the most accepted hypothesis was the so-called theory of late settlement. According to this hypothesis, the Amerindians are descendants of the Siberian groups that passed to America approximately 13,500 years before the present (AP). This hypothesis is based on the discovery of the clovis culture, which was associated with the oldest human presence in America, whose lifestyle could have been supported by the use of megafauna - for example, Mammuthus columbi - although this was unsustainable when these animals became extinct around the year 9000 AP. Other points of view and some research throughout the continent led a group of researchers to propose that the settlement of America began several millennia before the Wisconsin glaciation. The discovery of archaeological materials found in various parts of the Americas - within or to the south of the area of dissemination of the clovis culture - dated by radiocarbon in a pre-glacial era have been considered dubious or at least controversial by the defenders of the theory of late settlement. The new theories about an early settlement have been recombined with the existing theories that affirm the existence of multiple migratory flows of settlement through Alaska and the Pacific Ocean (Paul Rivet), from Australia, using a bridge similar to that of Beringia, but in the Antarctic zone and entering through South America.3 Another hypothesis of early settlement that currently lacks sufficient evidence points to the possible arrival, by sea, of European people carrying the Solutrean culture, which they would have taken advantage of to sustain themselves along the way. abundance of seals and other marine mammals on the edge of the Arctic ice cap. According to its proponents, this hypothesis would explain the presence of haplogroup X in the mitochondrial DNA of some indigenous groups, in addition to the similarity with certain American techniques for the manufacture of lithic tools. Recent research based on the sequencing of the genome of an individual who lived in Siberia some 24,000 years ago reveals their genetic similarity with Native American populations as well as with Eurasian ones, which seems to indicate that diverse groups of humans from West Asia would migrate to America. crossing the Bering Strait mixing with individuals from East Asia. This fact may explain the presence of typical characteristics of Eurasian individuals in native American populations that do not correspond to those of East Asian settlers, such as the morphology of the skull or the mitochondrial haplotype X.